合同英语怎么写的(常见英文合同格式举例说明)
有人曾经说过,写合同如同打太极拳,首先要有一个正确的架势,只有姿势正确,动作流畅才能提高太极水平。同样,写合同最重要的一点就是要结构要正确,只有在结构正确的前提下,才有可能写出正规,正确的合同。由于合同本身的特殊性,其结构相对固定。所以,以下对常见的合同格式进行了举例说明。
合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务,是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文慎密而准确,历史悠久,深含法律文化底蕴。
中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所,然后是合同正文,结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头:
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ____ day of _____(month), _______ (year) by and between Party A (hereinafter called " Party A ")and Party B(hereinafter called " Party B ")
然后是开始陈述:
WHEREAS…THEREFORE
… It is hereby agreed as follows:
或以:
WITNESSETH, WHEREAS…
NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接着是正文,最后是证明部分:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。
下面列出新加坡、美国、香港和日本的合同格式。
A. 新加坡
Agreement
THIS AGREEMENT is made the 9th day of August, 2001 between LUCKY INTERNATIONAL LTD, a company incorporated in Singapore and having its registered office at Telek Blongar Rise, Singapore 19569 (hereinfater called "The Company") of the part and JACK Wong (NRIC No._________ /A) of 108 Orchar Road, Singapore 01688 (hereinafter called "The Mangager") of the other part.
WHEREAS:
1. The company is engaged in IT business and requires a person with the necessary qualifications and experience to manage its business.
2.
….
NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:
1. The company shall employ the Manager and the Manager shall serve the Company as manager of the Company's IT business for a period of two years commencing on 1st day of September
2.
….
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.
THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO
Duties of Manger
1. To manage, maintain and promote the business of the Company.
2.
3.
SIGNED by Roger Tan
For and on behalf of LUCKY INTERANTIONAL LTD
In the presence of
SIGNED by TERESA WONG
In the presence of
新加坡的通用合同分五部分:
第一部分:称为parties,合同双方。主要介绍合同各方的姓名或名称,注册地国及地址、邮编及各自在合同的简称。开头框架一般为:
THIS AGREEMENT is made the ---------__________ day of _____ (month),____ (year) between A _______ (hereinafter called "The Company") of the part and B______, (hereinafter called "The Manager") of the other part.
句子开头THIS AGREEMENT
或CONTRACT和当事人的姓名和名称,都应大写。当事人是自然人的,用“of”和其后的住址相连;是法人或非法人单位的,用“having its registered office at”和其后注册地址相连。
第二部分:称为recital,陈述。以WHEREAS开头,进入叙述部分,用陈述正式说明当事人订立合同的原因。
第三部分:称为habendum,正文。具体约定当事人的权利和义务。正文部分的结束段为:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.
这段作用相当于中文合同的“双方签字盖章,特此为证”。
第四部分:称为schedule或addendum,附录。是对前述合同部分条款的必要补充。不是所有合同都有这一项。
第五部分:称为attestation,证明。当事人如果为自然人,用“SIGNED by __” ,后接见证人姓名的表达部分“In the presence of ____”;当事人是法人或非法人单位时,授权代表后接的是“SIGNED for and on behalf _____ of____”,然后才是In the presence of _______。与中文合同的显著不同是签章处除当事人外,多了一个In the presence of _______供证人签字之处。另一不同的是合同订立日期没有放在合同最后,而是出现在开头段的当事人介绍部分。
第五部分在新加坡还有另一种表达“
As Witness our Hands this _____day of _____,in the year of our Lord Tow Thousand and One.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above named
In the presence of
Signature
Address
Occupation
上述合同的格式很有代表性,其它英文格式与之相比大同大异,有的合同中不含附录。
B. 美国
APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATOR
AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st day of September, 2000 between ______ of _____ (address)(hereinafter referred to as "the Company") as one part and Mr._______ of _______(address) (hereinafter referred to as the Contractor) of the other part.
WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS:
1. THAT the Company shall …
2. This agreement shall commence on ….
3.
4.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein mentioned
SIGNED BY
Name :
Designation :
For and on behalf of : (signature)
Contractor :
Designation :
For and on behalf of : (signature)
本合同分为四个大部分(缺附录,schedule)。与上一合同基本相同,但第一段没有谓语,不是个完整的句子。个别用词与前一合同有差别。最后落款处还多了了“职务”,即designation(有的合同还惯用position).
C. 香港
CONTRACT
CONTACT NO.
SIGNING DATE/PLACE
THE BUYER: Name
Legal Address
Contact
THE SELLER: Name
Legal Address
Contact
This contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller.
Whereby the Buyer agrees o buy and the Seller agrees to sell the
under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions.
1. NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT
2. PRICE
3. PAYMENT
4. PACKING
5.
IN WITHNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effective as of the date first above written.
THE BUYER THE SELLER
___________ ___________
By:__________ By:__________
Date:------------_________ Date:------------_________
THE END USER
___________
By: __________
Date: --------____-_________
比起前两个合同,该买卖合同的不同之处于在于,合同开头出现了合同编号和签署日期,当事人名称或姓名采用简单列举式。证明部分用完成时被动态,最后落款处SIGNED
BY项目,但增加了最终用户一项。
D. 日本
SERVICE AGREEMENT
This agreement is made and entered into on March 1st ,2001, by and between______ LTD (hereinafter referred to as "PARTY A"), and ________CO., LTD. ((hereinafter referred to as "PARTY B")
WITNESSTH:
WHEREAS, PARTY B has requested by PARTY A to dispatch its personal for the purpose of _______ to PARTY b; and
WHEREAS, (PARTY A is willing to dispatch its personnel t PARTY B in response to such PARTY B's request)
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants herein contained , the parties hereto agree as follows:
1.
2.
3.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their respective duly authorized officers as of the date first herinabove written.
______ Ltd. ________ Co., Ltd.
(signature) (signature)
MANAGING DIRECTOR MANAGING DIRECTOR
该合同也由四大部分构成,与上述合同最大的不同在于,在叙述部分上端加了一个WITNESSETH(鉴于),最后落款处也没有SIGNED BY 项目,但授权签字代表的职位真接打出来,放在签字的下一行。别外,当事人的简称部分用的都是大写。
相比之下,英文合同除个别地方外,整个合同的段落排列,句式和用词大同小异。在草拟英文合同时,只要仿用上述任何一个,都算是地道的英文表达。
第一、定义条文。定义是术语的基础,没有定义,术语会有不同的理解。有了定义条文,就有了共同条件。例如能定义本次买卖的“货物”包含真菌类、从物、说明书,和不包含其它的物件。这种卖方的描述完备模糊。再如对于用语的定义,由于“申辩”、“确保”、“允诺”等词在英文中有不同的意义,而在中文中,能统一“确保”是指“申辩、确保、允诺”。还有“基本权利经济负担”,买卖合约中希望卖方是基本权利是完备的,没有缺陷的(基本权利经济负担)的,故可定义“基本权利经济负担”为“是指卖方上的大部份质押、抵押、请求权、担保权益、使用权权、优先权和任何人其它产权经济负担或第三方基本权利或任何人索赔(不包含在恒定过程时因修理或其它类似情况而引起或产生的请求权)业务发展和在恒定业务发展过程中为购买商品而达成的习惯大部份权保留和保留条文)”
第二、【申辩与确保条文】这个条文最常用,定义方便,特别适合罗列。例如租赁合约中,房主确保,住宅为其大部份或是有房主权,确保住宅如有渗水等故障四日内维修,确保租客能使用小区的车位等。这种把租客重视的几点都Ervy了,并且能加上,如果不能做到的法律责任,减少房租或是续约。租客则能确保按时付帐、还款付帐的赔偿,确保家犬狗狗,确保在租约的最后三个月,房主有入场权,即带着中介和签字的租客来看房等。总之把房主最重视的几个点也雷西县了。这种的定义很针对性和可操作性。
第三、【必要条件条文】这是一个很有用条文,就如苹果笔记本中的popclip软件能降低成本。合约中的履行职责顺序安排,是买卖的核心结构设计。即使两方签订合同私行私行,但付钱却是交货,却是有先后的。要合理结构设计,如何一方没有先履行职责,另一方能履行职责举证。例如说,解除劳动矛盾协议中的缴付经济赔偿,条件就是要顺利完成工作更替。所以能瑙脂【退款必要条件】签订合同,在雇员顺利完成以下工作更替后的三日内,机关缴付经济赔偿。合约的履行职责,一般都是互有条件,即必要条件。特别是退款属于锯盖鱼,要要设置好条件,防止退款后对方不作为。
第四、【独立合约矛盾条文】(Independent Contractor Relationship)。这个条文也是策尔纳,该条文的常见定义如“合约各方无意通过签订本合约在合约方之间建立一种合伙矛盾或全权矛盾”。该条文的目的是确立本合约的法律条文性质、合约当事人的之间的矛盾,防止法律条文矛盾误会而被错误追究法律条文责任。例如说,有的是合约写的含糊,看不清是投资合约、却是合作合约或借款矛盾,会造成误解。有了此条文就模糊,防止了是劳动合约却是劳务合约,雇员合约却是承包合约之类的争议,定分热蓬。除此之外,还能更一步明确两方的基本权利义务,例如本合约是高级顾问合约,则该高级顾问不是机关雇员,也不能约束机关或全权、代表机关,起到了补充说明作用。
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